Ibipimo bidashidikanywaho n'ikosa ni ibyifuzo by'ibanze byizwe muri metrologiya, kandi ni kimwe mu bitekerezo by'ingenzi bikunze gukoreshwa n'abapima metero.Bifitanye isano itaziguye no kwizerwa kubisubizo byo gupimwa no kumenya ukuri no guhuza agaciro kohereza.Nyamara, abantu benshi byoroshye kwitiranya cyangwa gukoresha nabi byombi kubera imyumvire idasobanutse.Iyi ngingo ikomatanya uburambe bwo kwiga "Isuzuma no Kugaragaza Ibipimo Bidashidikanywaho" kugirango hibandwe ku itandukaniro riri hagati yombi.Ikintu cya mbere kigaragara neza ni itandukaniro ryibitekerezo hagati yo gupima kutamenya neza nikosa.
Ibipimo bidashidikanywaho biranga isuzuma ryurwego rwagaciro aho agaciro nyako kagereranijwe.Itanga intera aho agaciro nyako gashobora kugabanuka ukurikije ibyiringiro runaka bishoboka.Irashobora gutandukana bisanzwe cyangwa kugwiza, cyangwa igice cyubugari bwintera yerekana urwego rwicyizere.Ntabwo ari ikosa ryukuri ryihariye, ryerekana gusa igice cyerekana ikosa ryurwego rudashobora gukosorwa muburyo bwibipimo.Byakomotse ku gukosora kudatunganye kwingaruka zimpanuka ningaruka zitunganijwe, kandi ni ibipimo byo gutatanya bikoreshwa mukuranga indangagaciro zapimwe zahawe neza.Kutamenya neza bigabanijwe muburyo bubiri bwo gusuzuma, A na B, ukurikije uburyo bwo kubibona.Ubwoko bw'isuzuma ni isuzumabumenyi ridashidikanywaho ryakozwe binyuze mu isesengura ry’imibare y'uruhererekane rw'indorerezi, kandi ibice B byo gusuzuma B bigereranywa hashingiwe ku bunararibonye cyangwa ku yandi makuru, kandi hafatwa ko hari ikintu kidashidikanywaho kigereranywa na "gutandukana bisanzwe".
Mu bihe byinshi, ikosa ryerekeza ku ikosa ryo gupimwa, kandi ubusobanuro bwaryo gakondo ni itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibisubizo byo gupimwa n'agaciro nyako k'agaciro gapimwe.Mubisanzwe birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: amakosa atunganijwe namakosa yimpanuka.Ikosa ribaho rifite intego, kandi rigomba kuba agaciro gasobanutse, ariko kubera ko agaciro nyako katamenyekanye mubihe byinshi, ikosa ryukuri ntirishobora kumenyekana neza.Turashaka gusa kugereranya agaciro k'ukuri mubihe bimwe, kandi tukabyita agaciro gasanzwe.
Binyuze mu gusobanukirwa icyo gitekerezo, dushobora kubona ko hari itandukaniro rikurikira hagati yo gupima kutamenya neza nikosa ryo gupimwa:
1. Itandukaniro mu ntego zo gusuzuma:
Kutamenya neza ibipimo bigamije kwerekana ikwirakwizwa ry'agaciro gapimwe;
Intego yo gupima ikosa ni ukugaragaza urwego ibisubizo byo gupima bitandukanije nagaciro nyako.
2. Itandukaniro riri hagati y ibisubizo byisuzuma:
Ibipimo bidashidikanywaho ni ibipimo bidasinywe bigaragazwa no gutandukana bisanzwe cyangwa kugwiza gutandukana bisanzwe cyangwa igice cyubugari bwicyizere intera.Isuzumwa nabantu bashingiye kumakuru nkubushakashatsi, amakuru, nuburambe.Irashobora kugenwa muburyo bubiri bwuburyo bubiri bwo gusuzuma, A na B .;
Ikosa ryo gupimwa ni agaciro hamwe nikimenyetso cyiza cyangwa kibi.Agaciro kayo nigisubizo cyo gupima ukuyemo agaciro nyako gapimwe.Kubera ko agaciro nyako katazwi, ntigashobora kuboneka neza.Iyo agaciro nyako gasanzwe gakoreshwa aho kuba agaciro nyako, gusa agaciro kagereranijwe gashobora kuboneka.
3. Itandukaniro ryibintu bigira ingaruka:
Ibipimo bidashidikanywaho byabonetse kubantu binyuze mubisesengura no kubisuzuma, bityo rero bifitanye isano no gusobanukirwa kwabantu gupima, bigira ingaruka kumubare no gupima;
Amakosa yo gupimwa abaho afite intego, ntabwo aterwa nimpamvu zituruka hanze, kandi ntizihinduka mubitekerezo byabantu;
Kubwibyo, mugihe ukora isesengura ridashidikanywaho, ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka bigomba gusuzumwa byuzuye, kandi hagomba kugenzurwa isuzuma ridashidikanywaho.Bitabaye ibyo, kubera isesengura ridahagije no kugereranya, ibigereranyo bidashidikanywaho birashobora kuba binini mugihe ibisubizo byo gupima byegeranye cyane nagaciro nyako (ni ukuvuga, ikosa ni rito), cyangwa ukutamenya gushidikanya bishobora kuba bito cyane mugihe ikosa ryo gupimwa mubyukuri binini.
4. Itandukaniro muri kamere:
Mubisanzwe ntabwo ari ngombwa gutandukanya imiterere yikigereranyo kidashidikanywaho nibice bidashidikanywaho.Niba bakeneye gutandukanywa, bagomba kugaragazwa nka: "ibice bidashidikanywaho byatangijwe ningaruka zidasanzwe" na "ibice bidashidikanywaho byatangijwe n'ingaruka za sisitemu";
Amakosa yo gupimwa arashobora kugabanwa mumakosa atunguranye hamwe namakosa atunganijwe ukurikije imiterere yabyo.Mubisobanuro, amakosa yombi atunguranye namakosa atunganijwe nibintu byiza muburyo bwo gupima byinshi bitagira akagero.
5. Itandukaniro riri hagati yo gukosora ibisubizo byo gupima:
Ijambo "gushidikanya" ubwaryo risobanura agaciro kagereranijwe.Ntabwo yerekeza ku gaciro kihariye kandi nyako.Nubwo bishobora kugereranywa, ntibishobora gukoreshwa mugukosora agaciro.Kudashidikanya kwatangijwe no gukosorwa kudatunganye birashobora gusuzumwa gusa mukutamenya neza ibisubizo byakosowe.
Niba agaciro kagereranijwe ka sisitemu ikosa izwi, ibisubizo byo gupima birashobora gukosorwa kugirango ubone ibisubizo byakosowe.
Nyuma yubunini bumaze gukosorwa, birashobora kuba hafi yagaciro nyako, ariko gushidikanya kwayo ntigabanuka gusa, ariko rimwe na rimwe biba binini.Ibi biterwa cyane cyane nuko tudashobora kumenya neza agaciro nyako kangana, ariko dushobora kugereranya gusa urwego ibisubizo byo gupima byegeranye cyangwa kure yagaciro nyako.
Nubwo gupima gushidikanya hamwe nikosa bifite itandukaniro ryavuzwe haruguru, biracyafitanye isano ya hafi.Igitekerezo kidashidikanywaho ni ugukoresha no kwagura ibitekerezo byamakosa, kandi isesengura ryamakosa riracyari ishingiro ryibanze ryo gusuzuma ibipimo bidashidikanywaho, cyane cyane iyo ugereranije ibice B bigize ubwoko, isesengura ryamakosa ntirishobora gutandukana.Kurugero, ibiranga ibikoresho byo gupima birashobora gusobanurwa ukurikije ikosa ntarengwa ryemewe, ikosa ryerekana, nibindi. Agaciro ntarengwa kamakosa yemerewe igikoresho cyo gupima cyerekanwe mubisobanuro bya tekiniki n'amabwiriza byitwa "ikosa ryemewe ryemewe" cyangwa "byemewe amakosa ntarengwa".Nibisanzwe byemewe byerekana ikosa ryerekanwe nuwabikoze kubwoko runaka bwibikoresho, ntabwo ikosa nyirizina ryigikoresho runaka.Ikosa ntarengwa ryemewe ryigikoresho cyo gupima urashobora kuboneka mubitabo byabigenewe, kandi bigaragazwa ninyongera cyangwa ikimenyetso cyo gukuramo iyo bigaragajwe nkigiciro cyumubare, mubisanzwe bigaragazwa nikosa ryuzuye, ikosa rifitanye isano, ikosa ryerekanwe cyangwa ikomatanya ryaryo.Kurugero ± 0.1PV, ± 1%, nibindi. Ikosa ntarengwa ryemewe ryigikoresho cyo gupima ntabwo ari ugupima gushidikanya, ariko birashobora gukoreshwa nkibanze kugirango hasuzumwe ibipimo bitazwi.Ukudashidikanya kwatangijwe nigikoresho cyo gupima mubisubizo byo gupima birashobora gusuzumwa ukurikije ikosa ntarengwa ryemewe ryigikoresho ukurikije uburyo bwa B bwo gusuzuma.Urundi rugero ni itandukaniro riri hagati yerekana agaciro k'igikoresho cyo gupima nigiciro cyumvikanyweho cyukuri cyinjiza, aricyo kimenyetso cyerekana igikoresho cyo gupima.Kubikoresho byo gupima bifatika, agaciro kerekanwe nigiciro cyacyo.Mubisanzwe, agaciro katanzwe cyangwa kabyaye urwego rwohejuru rwo gupima rukoreshwa nkigiciro cyukuri cyemeranijweho (bakunze kwita kalibrasi cyangwa agaciro gasanzwe).Mubikorwa byo kugenzura, mugihe cyagutse kidashidikanywaho cyagaciro gisanzwe gitangwa nigipimo cyo gupima ni 1/3 kugeza 1/10 cyikosa ryemewe ryemewe ryibikoresho byapimwe, kandi ikosa ryerekana igikoresho cyapimwe kiri murwego ntarengwa rwemewe. ikosa, irashobora gufatwa nkujuje ibisabwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-10-2023
